Saturday, August 8, 2020
Guide to CPW Logistics and Planning
Guide to CPW Logistics and Planning Note: this post has been updated from the 2016 CPW mini-guide for the Class of 2020 (3), now with fewer minions memes. CPW 2018 is next week!!! We are thrilled to meet and host you, Class of 2022! GET HYPE!!! For the past week, our inboxes have been filled with CPW reminders and requests to help with events. We got our prefrosh hosting assignments, and everyone thinks they will have the best guest. The magic algorithm that matches visitors to hosts definitely works. Now, for us, CPW is a familiar event. The excitement of the new Class exploring MIT is extremely contagious. Campus feels festive. We get to meet new people. Thereâs free food. However, many of you may be plagued with logistical travel and planning issues. What should you pack for the four fun-filled days? How do you pick a reasonable fraction of the 700+ events to attend? I was definitely one of the more anxious pre-frosh two years ago, so I figured it might be helpful to post a Mini-Guide to CPW for your final hours of prep. And if I miss something, feel free to ask additional questions in the comments or email [emailprotected] directly. Also make sure to visit admitted.mit.edu/experience for the official logistical information. Below you will find information on: 1) Packing, 2) Living Arrangements, 3) Strategy, and 4) Event Recommendations. 1. PACKING Packing is a familiar concern. First, ask your host if you need to bring a sleeping bag. Chances are, your host will have an air mattress or a sleeping bag of their own. Once the sleeping surface issue has been clarified, here are things you should bring: One carry-on bag and/or backpack. Travel light. A carry-on suitcase with a backpack is the max reasonable load, especially if you donât need to bring a sleeping bag. Space in the room might be limited, especially if your hostâs roommate is also hosting someone, so donât bring a full-sized suitcase unless you absolutely have to. Space in the bag. Ok, not really something you can bring, but be aware that youâll probably get loads of free swag over the weekendâ"anything from cups and t-shirts to books and toys. Clothing. This oneâs the most challenging decision. The weathers been crazy recently. Fortunately, the weather forecast predicts a warm and dry CPW. Still, remember that youâll be out exploring both during the day and at night, so bring a jacket, preferably with a hood. Youll only be here for four days, but try bringing more than four changes of clothing. Things can get a bit messy. Lastly, youâll be moving a lot. Bring your most comfortable and least fancy clothing and shoes. Towels and other toiletries. Pretty self-explanatory. Youâll need to take a shower and stuff at some point. Sleeping stuff. Again, this is something you should discuss with your host. Do you need a sleeping surface? A pillow? A blanket? Is the room going to be steamy or chilly? What NOT to bring: Homework. If at all possible (i.e. if you donât have The Most Important Assignment due Monday), do not bring your schoolwork. Chances are, you will have approximately 0 hours to actually do it. Nice things. Itâs going to be muddy and messy. A gold chain and black suit will not help. Food. There will be a lot of free food on campus. Youâll get a small monetary allowance, as well as dining hall passes, which are especially helpful if you have any dietary restrictions. 2. LIVING ARRANGEMENTS Youâll get your hosting assignments soon. All hosts are asked to reach out to their prefrosh asap, so look for an email in your inbox, and email [emailprotected] if your host doesnât respond, or if youâre having any issues with your host. Things to note about your host: No students is ever required to enter the hosting lottery, so your host is excited to meet you! Your host is your peer, so theyâll be your primary point of contact for exploring MIT, and a great resource to ask about life, academics, and anything else, without judgement or repercussions. Your host filled out a similar form to enter the hosting lottery that you did when registering for CPW. That means they likely have the same preference for the amount of time to spend with you as you did to spend with them. That said, make sure you donât stay in your room unless you have to and meet as many other students besides your host as possible. Things to ask your host BEFORE you arrive: How they plan to meet you. Tell them how and when youâll be getting to campus (thereâs a free shuttle from the airport, fyi!). Your host will know how much time to allot for you to check in and meet you afterwards. They might also ask a friend to connect with you if theyâre in class. What sleeping arrangments they have for you. Many students have sleeping bags (often given out for free from hackathon hosting gigs) or other comfortable sleeping surfaces. Make sure you ask them about this so you donât have to carry extra stuff. How to best contact them. You might need to send them quick travel updates, so ask which way to reach them is fastest (usually text or FB messenger), and tell them what works best for you. If applicable, how they can accommodate your allergies or other needs. The major restrictions should have been sorted out with the hosting form, but itâs worth checking nevertheless. For example, you can ask if they keep their room hot or cold if youâre sensitive to temperature changes, or if their hall is clothing-optional or allows cats (note that you will not be placed on a cat hall if you indicated you were allergic). Things to ask your host AFTER you arrive: What events they recommend. They might give you some great pointers based on shared interests indicated in your hosting form, or provide intel on great off-the-books events. How often they want to check in with you, if at all. Youâll probably want to have at least one conversation with your host, which would be especially helpful at the end of the weekend. How to get into their room. Although youâll have card access to the building, some students also lock their room doors. If your host doesnât lock their door, and youâre uncomfortable with that, let them know right away (I got locked out of my own room when hosting once, which was awkward). What the room inhabitant(s)â sleep schedule(s) is/are like. If youâre coming in at random times to sleep, shower etc, itâs good to anticipate when youâll need to be quiet. Whether theyâd like you to stay in touch. Your schedule will be pretty sporadic, and theirs might be too, so it might help to stay in touch throughout the day in case one of you goes to sleep early or something like that. Any lingering questions you have about life or academics. Theyâve gone through at least one semester at MIT and can give you an insiderâs perspective on what itâs really like. If youâre comfortable, you can even ask questions about social life topics like dating or parties or noise levels in their dorm. It might be helpful to set up a lunch with them for the end of CPW to reflect on everything youâve seen. 3. STRATEGY AND PLANNING Donât plan the majority of your weekend. You definitely donât need to print out the schedule in advance and highlight the important events. The CPW moments I enjoyed most were those I went to with a group of cool people. That, in general, is a good strategy. Follow the cool people and make connections. Few pre-frosh travel alone. Although, if you want to attend some helpful academic or financial aid event, go for it. One of my most helpful CPW interactions was at the Math Department Open House. The other was when I went to play with foam swords on the rooftop of Random Hall. I wouldâve never guessed Iâd enjoy it, but I did immensely because of the fun crowd. CPW is about taking risks and doing unexpected things. Be open to exiting the comfort zone. Really, no one is going to judge. Talk to as many other adMITs as possible. Youâll all get name tags at check-in, which themselves are conversation starters. In general, you should feel free to talk to anyone wearing that tag. Youâre all there to meet each other, and most of you wonât know anyone else. There are no cliques, no âpopular kidsâ, and no social distinctionsâ"you might just unexpectedly encounter your new best friend! But if you donât make meaningful connections in one weekend, thatâs fine too. Youâll have many more opportunities in the fall. Talk to the current students. Ask them about their living groups and extracurriculars. Upperclassmen have always been the best resource for me to figure out MIT life. And talking to current students is really the best way to gauge where youâll be most comfortable living. So when you visit the various dorms and FSILGs, make sure to talk to at least one current studentâ"they are the only ones that can tell you what itâs like to live there, which the best way to prepare for the housing lottery in June. Try to visit all dorms. Youâll need to rank all of them in June for the Housing Lottery. Also, donât listen to rumors about the different dorms and FSILGs, see them for yourself. MITâs housing system is based on cultural fit, which means that only you can decide where you should live. I was scared off visiting one of the dorms during CPW, and I really wish that wasnât the case. Also, donât ask students in one living group to describe other living groups. Itâs the first-hand experience that matters. 4. EVENT RECOMMENDATIONS Some events are normally highlighted in the CPW booklet (or, these days, the mobile app). Those are important ones, acording to MIT, and its a good idea to attend. The schedule for 2018 isnt out yet (it will be here when it is), but the types of events remain pretty consistent, and here are some that seemed particularly helpful at discovering MIT to me: Fairs. These are great for seeing what opportunities exist at MIT and gathering free swag.Youâll get to talk to MIT faculty, students, and staff about potential things you can do at the Institute. The main ones are the Activities Fair for student groups (Sat) and Academic Expo for departments (Fri). This year, there will also be a Mass Tech Activities Halfway for the less traditional organizations like MIT Confessions, Memes, Timely Confessions, and MIT Onion. Admitted Student Welcome and CPW Closing Show. The former is the first time youll see all your classmates in one place! Youll get welcomed to MIT and have some quality bonding time (Ill be there too, so make sure to say hi!). The latter is a chance to see some cool MIT student performances and again get welcomed to MIT (as well as hear some glorious nerd jokes). If youâre at all interested in auditioning for a performance group or just enjoy seeing what other students are up to, the Closing is a lot of fun. And both events do an awesome job of setting the CPW mood. Residence Hall Events. In June, you will pick a living community that fits you best through the Housing Lottery. So during CPW, take the time to explore what each dorm has to offer (and stuff your face with free food!). Join a fun group of prefrosh and go. Check out the FSILG Events as well, even though you have to remain on campus for the first year and even if you canât join a sorority/fraternity. Interact with the students in each living group. If theyâre hanging out at events, they want to meet you. We wonât give you dorm recommendations during CPW, because thatâs technically for Freshman Rush in August, but weâre still happy to talk about our MIT experience, and youâll still be able to get a feel for the dorm culture. On a personal note, I invite you to stop by East Campus. Weâre excited to meet you and will be grilling burgers/dyeing hair all day, plus doing other exciting stuff. LGBTQ+ Events. There is now a whole guest blog post about it! Learn how to have a queer CPW here. Academic-Research Events. These are helpful if youâve already started thinking (worrying?) about your major and UROP prospects. Department Open Houses are generally really helpful. I loved talking to all the awesome professors at the Math Department Open House my CPW. And youâll be sure to meet many like-minded prefrosh. Lots of prefrosh sign up for UROP tours as well. Random Recommendations. Stop by Meet the Bloggers if you want to see the people behind the avatars and eat pie with us (also helpful if youre considering being a blogger yourself). CPW A Cappella Concert is a cool opportunity to hear all 10 MIT a cappella groups. The concert during my CPW was my first experience with a cappella, and it was magical. For a late night learning and chill session, stop by the Firehose! event and learn about anything from large numbers to Polynesian geography. There are soft cushions and passionate people. And, lastly, check out the Spinning Arts CPW Performance. Students breathing and spinning fire are guaranteed to impress. Where else could you get that experience? And thats about it for this post. Most importantly, allow CPW to be exciting and spontaneous. Be open to new friendships and knowledge. Be ready to discover something about yourself and the things you want to do in college. See your future life at MIT. We cant wait to meet you. See you soon! Post Tagged #a cappella #Fire Spinning #LGBTQ+
Saturday, May 23, 2020
The Changes That Came About The Psychiatric Health Systems
The world of State Hospitals and Psychiatric Nursing, literally a world that horror movies are made of. The history of mental health treatment is barbaric, including lobotomies, being wrapped in wet sheets until hypothermia set in, the electric shock treatments, lest we forget the twisted experts thinking of incestual everything in who became the ââ¬Å"father of psychiatryâ⬠Sigmund Freud. Patient Rights were nonexistent, people were disposed of at the ââ¬Å"sanitariumâ⬠they were locked up, chained to walls, and left eternally alone. Through out the past century there were some reforms made. The last large reform with ââ¬Å"Beersâ⬠in the 1800ââ¬â¢s. Mostly, that patients who were mentally ill were not ââ¬Å"possessed by evil demons.â⬠Or, that one cure to insanityâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬Å"Going to Getch yourself killed Bitch.â⬠That evening I arranged temporary supervisor for unit coverage while I went with staff and patients to the dining room. Our patients went through the line and sat in their assigned seating. A few minutes later, the DOC work release entered the cafeteria, in their usual way of upsetting. This time, one guard accompanied the inmates, and another who was clearly an ââ¬Ëofficerââ¬â¢. He had the rank of captain pinned to his uniform. After assessing the situation and deciding he was in charge, I approached him to discuss the situation at hand. Not really expecting how it would work out. When I arrived in his presence I was immediately met with hostile body language, he was standing in his full 6 foot size, his combat boots, shined, his uniform pressed, his insignia, polished to a shine. He had his arms crossed over his chest. I introduced myself, explained the problem briefly, while waiting for his reply or response, I noted a contempt in his eye and then he let me have it. A verbal flogging including but not limited, to His position of authority, his position of opinion, he proceeded to state that his inmates were doing no wrong, that the patients were crazy, that the staff were bitches. And I was the ultimate bitch, that he would have my job and further change myself with interfering with an officer and harassing hisShow MoreRelatedMental Disorders And Its Effects On The Lives Of People With Serious Mental Illness923 Words à |à 4 PagesIn 1957 alone, there were approximately 567,000 citizens suffering from different psychiatric disorders. The quality of life for those suffering has not always been as sustainable as today. Just the mere thought of having these disorders was frowned upon and pushed to the side, as if it was taboo to have such a disability . Patients of the psychiatric health system wer e affected not only by the disease from which they suffer, but also by stigmas, treatments they received, and the conditions of theRead MoreMy Clinical Experience At A Psychiatric Hospital1539 Words à |à 7 PagesAbout one-quarter of all American adults suffer from a mental health disorder in any given year, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Mental health is an important component of overall health and wellness. Treatment options often include medication and psychotherapy. Mental health nurses help patients who suffer from mental illness to recover their mental health so that they can live to their fullest potential. For example, mental health nurses work in a variety of settingsRead MoreThe Community Mental Health Act Of 19631064 Words à |à 5 PagesCommunity Mental Health Act of 1963, was the first federal law that inspired community-based mental health care, and it ignited the transformation of the public mental health system (Young Minds Advocacy, 2016). Other names of the Act are Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963. It was the beginning of the Deinstitutionalized movement in mental health treatment options for children, youth, and adults (National Council for Behavioral Health (NCBH), 2015). StatesRead MoreNurse Manager Of The Child / Adolescent Psychiatric Units At Kingswood Hospital1098 Words à |à 5 PagesNursing jobs provide emotionally and financially rewarding careers. The health care industry employs millions of nurses and the job outlook continues to improve each year. 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Return to Community: Build Support Systems for People with Psychiatric Disabilities by Paul Carling, explores broad and practical techniques to help people with serious mental illnesses transition back into society. The term used for the transition for people with mental illnesses is community integration. Carling assesses what current and past approaches have
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
Police-Perpetrated Domestic Violence Essay - 2703 Words
For my research project I decided to do it on domestic violence. Domestic violence can be described as a violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Domestic violence can happen on the street, in oneââ¬â¢s home or even in a public place. The people who are exposed to domestic violence can be children, men and women; women are usually the ones that suffer from domestic violence from their loved ones. There are plenty of subtopics to choose from that involves domestic violence, the sub topic that interested me the most was Police Officers that are involved in Domestic Violence acts. I chose to do my research topic on domestic violence because I want to learn more about the topicâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Domestic violence can be described as an altercation that happens between a family and in their homes away from the public. In Wentendorf (2000) article she talks about how domestic violence is not mainly based on physical abuse and mentions that when a man talks about physical abuse then the women are more likely to suffer from assault or battery (p. 1). When there is domestic violence around there is love mixed with hope, fear, isolation and intimidation (Waentendorf, 2000, p.1) as a result of women that still feel for the man who they once fell in love with and they just donââ¬â¢t want to let go of the feeling she has when she is with him. The women love their husbands for what he does when he is not beating or abusing them that are a reason they donââ¬â¢t want to turn him in. Another reason why women do not want to give up the connection that they have with their husbands is because she might think that she made him do it and he will change if she changes. In Wentendorfââ¬â¢s (2000) research continues she talks about when domestic violence happens in between the homes of police officers they mainly try to keep it a secret and try to resolve the problem in the house between the f amily instead of involving law enforcement and the public. The biggest fear that police officers face is losing their jobs (Wentendorf, 2000, p.8) and does not want everything they worked for over the years toShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse and Violence Against Families1204 Words à |à 5 PagesAbuse and Violence Against Females Domestic violence in the United States has become a major problem that affects nearly 2/3 s of all people. It can affect wives, the elderly, and even men, but in this paper we will discuss the abuse that occurs to children and also violence toward women. It is widely assumed that most estimates of the incidence of domestic violence are underestimates. 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To open the program, the PhDââ¬â¢s gave each participant five note cards that described various celebrity domestic cases. The participants then had to correctly guess the celebrities involved to win a small prize. Disguised as a fun ice-breaker, the exercise was actually a segway into how domestic violence can startRead MoreDomestic Violence : The United States Department Of Justice1617 Words à |à 7 Pagesdepartment of Justice (2015) defines domestic violence as a ââ¬Å"pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used to by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partnerâ⬠. Domestic violence occurs in every culture, country, and age group. It affects individuals from all socioeconomic, educational, religious backgrounds, and occurs in both same-sex and heterosexual relationships. For this paper I will take a look at how domestic violence affects marriages. I will exploreRead MoreWhy Do We Assign Violence A Gender?1323 Words à |à 6 PagesMaisie McGregor Discursive Essay - Draft One Why do we assign violence a gender? ââ¬Å"How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation?â⬠ââ¬â Emma Watson - UN Women Goodwill Ambassador, speaking at the UN Headquarters in New York on 20th September 2014 Imagine this ââ¬â youââ¬â¢re lying on the bloodstained living room carpet in your flat in North London. Your partner has just stabbed you in the back of your thigh with a breadknife, followingRead MoreDomestic Violence : An Dominant Problem Within Australian Society Essay1741 Words à |à 7 PagesDomestic Violence- Behind Closed Doors Do you know what laws are protecting you? Domestic violence has become an increasingly dominant problem within Australian society but is constantly pushed to the side like a burden. Domestic violence is a relationship between intimate partners in which one individual seeks to assert power and control over the other and cause fear or intimidation and doesnââ¬â¢t have to be physical abuse, it can be emotional, psychological, financial, sexual or other types of abuseRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1256 Words à |à 6 Pagesharassment has occurred on more than one occasion. According to the NCADV ââ¬Å"Domestic violence is the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and emotional abuseâ⬠(What is domestic violence?) Domestic violence can refer to physical harm inflicted on a member of a household or family
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Commercial Contracts Under Nigerian Legislation Free Essays
COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS UNDER NIGERIAN LEGISLATION Introduction A contract is an agreement which is legally binding on the parties to it and which if broken may be enforced by action in court against the party that has broken it. A contract may be void or voidable. A void contract is that which lacks the essential ingredients or elements of valid contract and therefore of no legal effect. We will write a custom essay sample on Commercial Contracts Under Nigerian Legislation or any similar topic only for you Order Now A voidable contract is that which is valid in the first place but may be ended at the instance of one of the parties to it. Such contracts include guarantee with a bank of money lender, hire purchase and sale or leasing of land. The legal consequences of non-compliance are that they are not enforceable at law though they are not necessarily void. However, some categories of contracts must of necessity be in writing or else they shall be void absolutely. These include transfer of shares, marine insurance and hire purchase agreements. As a general rule also, all contracts are in the nature of agreement: however, not all agreements may constitute a contract properly so called. For instance, an agreement for the sale of a parcel of land is intended to be binding and enforceable at law, whereas, an invitation to a luncheon which after all, did not hold may not be enforceable at the suit of the disappointed party. A contract may also be under-seal or by deed and may be simple or oral. It may be express when it is written or implied when it is inferred from the conduct and acts of the parties. In addition, there can be bilateral contract between two parties or multi-lateral contract among parties depending on the nature of obligations to be performed under the agreement. Condition and warranty are the two basic types of express terms in a contract. Whether a term is a condition or warranty depends on the intention of the parties. A condition is a vital term which goes to the root of the contract. Breach of a condition entitles the innocent party to repudiate the contract and to claim damages. A warranty is a term which is subsidiary to the main purpose of the contract, breach of which only entitles the innocent party to damages. FORMATION OF A VALID CONTRACT The main requirements of a valid contract are as follows: 1. there must be an offer; . there must be an acceptance; 3. there must be consideration; 4. parties must have full contractual capacity; 5. there must be an intention to create legal relations; 6. object of the contract must not be unlawful nor illegal; 7. prescribed formalities must be followed, for example, it should be in writing or by deed. Forms of Contract Contract supported by consideration are essentially expected to be in writing ,. It is however important to note that a contract may also be oral or implied and yet be binding on the parties depending on the peculiar circumstances. The fact remains that a contract may not be taken as being invalid or unenforceable for the mere fact that it is not in a written form. Te court would normally not assist any person who was lured into an oral agreement. Writing merely facilitates the interpretation or proving of the terms of the contract barring which it may not be all that necessary. In considering commercial contracts under Nigerian legislation however, we would evaluate three of such contracts which are: ? hire purchase; ?sale of goods; ?agency. AGENCY CONTRACT Introduction Agency is a relationship that exists between two persons, one of whom expressly or impliedly agrees that the other should represent him or act on his behalf. The one that is represented is called the principal while the person representing or acting on somebodyââ¬â¢s behalf is called Agent. Agency relationship involves the consent of the agent and the principal that one should act for the other. It thus arises from a contract or agreements express or implied. Ofodile v. Chinwuba Generally, the relationship of principal and agent may arise in three main ways: 1. By agreement , whether contractual or not express or implied in nature 2. By subsequent ratification by the principal of the agentââ¬â¢s act done on his behalf, and 3. By operation of law under the doctrine of necessity Whether or not an agency relationship exists would largely depend on the true nature of the agreement and the circumstances of the relationship between the principal and the agent. In another vein, the law of agency consists of the law of the employer and the employed, where the employment consists of bringing the employer into contractual relationship with the third party. This relationship is simply referred to as ââ¬Å"The Master and Servantâ⬠relationship under the labour law and for which there is a vicarious liability. An agent should be distinguished for an independent contractor. An independent contractor is the person who negotiates with the third party on his own behalf. An independent contactor is a person liable to give contract for service while and agent or servant renders contract of service. An independent contractor is personally liable at law for his actions. An agent is not a trustee of the goods in his care not being the legal owner. The extent or scope of the Agentââ¬â¢s discretion is determined by his principalââ¬â¢s instructions. Legal title always remains in the principal. An agent can therefore not give good title all by himself. CLASSIFICATION OF AGENCY a. Special Agent: This is someone who has authority to do some particular act on behalf of his principal though not a continuous basis; for instance, a special order to purchase a house or a vehicle. b. General Agent: this is someone who has power to act for his principal in all matters involving business or trade, for example a solicitor or legal practitioner. . A Factor Agent: He is an agent who sells or disposes of goods that are entrusted to him. His activities are governed by the Factors Act 1889 (UK d. Broker Agent: He negotiates ad makes contract for the sale and purchase of goods. However unlike a factor he is not left in possession of the goods. Typical example is insurance Brokers and Stock Brokers. e. Universal Agent: This is someone who rep resents various principals in many aspects of trade. He is appointed by a Deed under Power of Attorney and has wide powers. f. Mercantile Agent: He represents someone in commercial and certain aspects of trade. Their duties are more or less similar to those of the factor agent g. Auctioneer: He represents a principal in the disposal of real properties. They are usually licensed to sell properties of Mortgagors who have defaulted in payment. Auctioneer acts between the Vendor and the purchaser. He receives commission and invariably sells to the highest bidder. h. Estate Agent: These deal in the acquisition of, valuation of an disposal of properties i. Del-Credere Agent: This is a mercantile agent who, in consideration of extra pay, that is del-credere commission guarantees to his principal that the 3rd party with whom he enters into contract on behalf of the principal shall duly pay the sum becoming due under the contract. In effect a del credere agent is a surety of the person with whom he deals. This is just a form of guarantee which may not necessarily be in writing in order to be enforceable at law. CREATION OF AGENCY It may be created in two broad ways namely: (a)Expressly and (b) impliedly a. Express Creation: . By deed ââ¬â this involves issuing an authority in writing with the necessary instruction and attestation clauses. That is signed, sealed and delivered. This process is known as the granting a Power of Attorney. 2. Oral instruction ââ¬â This is agency by appointment, it deals with express authorisation of the principal to the agent to act for him b. Implied Creation 1. Agency of necessity ââ¬â This is cre ated by act of person who normally had no authority but was compelled to reasonable act to protect the interest of the 3rd party especially during an emergency situation. 2. Agency by Estoppel: ââ¬â This is a type of agency that can be inferred form the conduct of the parties. If the situation that exists suggests that parties want to create an agency relationship, either of the parties is stopped form denying the existence of such a relationship. 3. Apparent Agency ââ¬â This occurs where a principal has not taken due precaution to prevent a situation where somebody portrays himself as having power to act as his agent. 4. Agency by ratification ââ¬â This occurs where the principal having full knowledge of the fact, accepts the benefits of the contract entered into by his apparent agent. Any act whether lawful or unlawful may be ratified provided it is not void. If it is voidable it is still capable of being ratified as long as it is valid. In Brook v. Nook where an agent forged his principalââ¬â¢s signature on a promissory note; it was held that the attempt at ratification was void. The principal must have capacity as at the date of the contract. In Kelner v. Baxter where a promoter tried to ratify some pre-incorporation contracts it was held that he could not succeed as the contracts predated the company. How to cite Commercial Contracts Under Nigerian Legislation, Papers
Friday, May 1, 2020
Internet voting1 Essay Example For Students
Internet voting1 Essay Voting is defined as expressing the will or a preference in a matter by ballot, voice, etc (Grolier 1). Voting on the Internet has become a major issue in the past couple years. Their are many different groups who have very diverse opinions on the role the Internet should play in the 2000 elections. The myriad types of on-line voting systems proposed for use has resulted in many heated arguments in the world of politics. Adversarys of voting on the Internet state, It would not be legally, practically or fiscally feasible to develop a comprehensive remote Internet voting system (Phillips 3). However advocates of on-line voting argue, There is nothing inherently more mischievous about Internet voting than paper ballots (Wayne 1). Before a person can decide what side of the Internet voting debate they want to support, they must be made aware of the issues at hand. One method of on-line voting is The Polling Place System. This is generally considered to be the most tamper proof system available to the public. The Polling Place System is run a lot like the traditional paper ballot voting structure election officials have used for many years (Phillips 2). The voters go to a designated voting station and cast their votes using computers provided by the Federal Election Commission, or FEC (Wayne 1). The election is under the control of election officials at all times which allows for uniformity of communication privacy and security protocols. Perhaps the greatest advantage to this system is the ability to provide paper audit trails and additional identity verification (Phillips 2). The capability to have a paper record of the ballots cast by each indiviual voter is what makes this system the most tamper proof available. The other process of Internet voting is called the Remote System. It is believed that this system will result in a, boost in voter turn out which is now at historic lows(Phillips 2). This belief is a result of how accessible this system will make voting. The voter is responsible for providing the computer unlike the Polling Place System. This allows the voter to cast their vote anywhere as long as they have access to the Internet. However, the downfall of this system is the lack of paper audit trails (Wayne 3). This in turn causes a lack of regulation in not only the ability to track individual ballots but the uniformity of voting conditions (Phillips 3). There are many advantages to voting on the Internet. One of the most evident advantages is that it is cost effective. It virtually eliminates any need for the current election provided equipment and the thousands of people working in the voting booths (Popkin 17). The freedom voters will have to vote from any location will eliminate the need for specific voting ballots (Phillips 2). This freedom will also make voting more convenient and will probably boost voter turn out. It will allow for a greater participation in voting from groups like business executives, overseas military and young people. These three groups generally have a low voter turn out but have readily access to the Internet (Wayne 2). This ability to access the Internet on a regular basis is what is believed will raise their voter participation. On-line voting will also eradicate the need for pole workers (Phillips 2). This work would be handled by a small group of people working for the election vendor, the Internet site On-line voting also has many disadvantages when compared to the traditional paper ballot system (Popkin 13). At this time there are no standards in place for the election vendors. The lack regulations and uniformity can result in many different ballot outcomes (Wayne 1). Other worries are that hackers may infiltrate the computer voting system and manipulate the results. It is feared that a hacker could implant a virus in the computers of the voters and substitute his own vote for thousands of legitimate votes. .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 , .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 .postImageUrl , .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 , .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379:hover , .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379:visited , .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379:active { border:0!important; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379:active , .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379 .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0a5f0a08b1482f6ff44c483992f71379:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Canada's Copyright Law Essay This type of fraud would make prosecution extremely difficult since there would no longer be physical evidence, like on paper ballots, to prove such fraud (Phillips 4). There are many different issues in debate over the topic of Internet voting. It is the duty of every U.S. citizen .
Sunday, March 22, 2020
Readers of Romantic literature an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by
Readers of Romantic literature: Did they discover themselves? They had four decades to make it happen. Did they? Didnt they? If they did, how did they manage it? And if they didnt, how did they escape it? Romanticism was an extraordinary movement, to say the least. Imagine an explosion of the most beautiful fireworks, a display that left you satiated yet craving for more. It was a revolt, a performance and a parade all rolled into one.The social, economic and political norms of the previous years had gotten oppressive. Nature, life and its emotions were all being put through the test of rationalization. It was high time the romantics emerged and brought some relief. Out of this period in the history of literature, came a revolution that is hard to fathom. It roped in artists, writers and intellectuals and one can only imagine the lethal combination. Need essay sample on "Readers of Romantic literature: Did they discover themselves?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists: Who wants to write essay for me? Specialists propose: We Write All Kinds Of Papers Romantic literature in particular, succeeded in igniting the revolution further. The literature of almost every country in America and Europe were striking examples of the movement. If one had to pick the peak of the period, it would be from 1820-1860. At the beginning of the 18th century, the word romantic took on a different meaning. It implied the whimsical and far-fetched nature of romantic tales and characters in these medieval romances. It didnt take the writers of the Romantic movement too long to change that idea. Various aspects of romantic literature are bound to attract the reader, but one that stands out is its attempt to be an experience. Romantic literature was far from just a story or a poem. It was intended to take the reader on an emotionally stimulating journey, and the pit stops were sure to be equally sensational. Subjects, truths and venues were secondary and emotion was pedestalised. Expression, the romantics believed were what could turn the society around. One could say then, that Romantic literature had set itself a target the self, emotions belonging to the self, and the discovery and acknowledgement of both. The question is, was Romantic literature able to achieve the target it set for itself or had the Romantics aimed too high? Were they able to convince a generation that had been wrapped around the finger of science and pure rationale that life could center on art inspiration and aesthetic voyages? Were the Romantics, with their literature and what their critics called flights of fancy into the realm of hope and macabre reality, able to discover and develop the self? After having drawn a parallel between the self and nature, were they able to make the connection for their readers? To determine the answer to this question, I have picked two primary texts. The Poet by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the category of prose and Because I could not stop for death by Emily Dickinson in the category of poetry. One of the most prominent writers of the Romantic era, Ralph Waldo Emerson, beautifully encapsulates the period in his essay The Poet. For all men live by truth, and stand in need of expression. In love, in art, in avarice, in politics, in labor, in games, we study to utter our painful secret. The man is only half himself, the other half is his expression. Emersons entire essay centers on a character that could have easily been the mascot of the Romantic era the poet. A reader enters the beautifully sensitive and heightened world of the poets journey. His essay wasnt about men of poetical talents, or of industry and skill in meter, but of the true poet. Written between 1841 and 1843, peak years of the Romantic era, Emerson describes all the characteristics that a poet is almost born with. He charts out a plan of action for the umpire of taste and empathetically draws the distinction between poets and the rest, between partial and complete men. Emerson splits the masses into three distinct classes the knower, the doer and the sayer and the poet is the sayer, the namer, and represents beauty. He is a sovereign, and stands on the centre The poet does not wait for the hero or the sage, but, as they act and think primarily, so he writes primarily what will and must be spoken, reckoning the others, though primaries also, yet, in respect to him, secondaries and servants; as sitters or models in the studio of a painter, or as assistants who bring building materials to an architect. After having drawn lines around the poet, and defining him/her for his readers, Emerson then does the unexpected. He calls out to prospective poets and conveys the need for more poets in the United States of America. "Our logrolling, our stumps and their politics, our fisheries, our Negroes, and Indians, our boasts, and our repudiations, the wrath of rogues, and the pusillanimity of honest men, the northern trade, the southern planting, the western clearing, Oregon, and Texas, are yet unsung." In the other primary text of my choice, Emily Dickinson, the American poet that came to be seen in the same league as Walt Whitman, describes another journey. In most interpretations, the poem is seen as Dickinsons journey towards the destination that she sought in most of her writing Death. But one wonders, precisely what is Dickinson journeying toward? Or rather, journeying away from? She passes the world, with all its elements of life a school where children played, the fields of gazing grain, houses, labor, leisure and without a murmur she accepts that she is headed toward eternity. In both of the above texts, prime writers of the Romantic era had succeeded in describing a journey, an experience and yet, both had bordered on the personal. While Emerson glorified the existence of a poet, whom he clearly identified with, he had also succeeded in drawing the boundary between the ones who could and could not. He had extended an invitation and yet the fine print seemed to mention quite clearly the characteristics of those who could arrive. Emily Dickinson on the other hand was moving away, from the very people she needed to address. The Romantics were great at what they did, but one cant help but wonder if they were being elitist about their targets. During the era of Romantic literature, readers craved knowledge of the self. With access to an increasing volume of material on the subject, the reader had set out on the journey to self-discovery. And in her essay on the Romantic Period, Kathryn VanSpanckeren says, The development of the self became a major theme; self-awareness a primary method. If, according to Romantic theory, self and nature were one, self-awareness was not a selfish dead end but a mode of knowledge opening up the universe. If one's self were one with all humanity, then the individual had a moral duty to reform social inequalities and relieve human suffering. The idea of "self" which suggested selfishness to earlier generations was redefined. New compound words with positive meanings emerged: "self-realization," "self-expression," "self- reliance." The attributes that the Romantics had settled on were perfect, but in the process of trying to spread these attributes, they had intimidated one too many. It was restricted to the essayists and the poets themselves. The readers had been excluded out of the arena. A reader could have loved what he was reading, but he also had to accept the fact that it was a world he could only look at from afar, not be an intrinsic part of. The writers either advertently or inadvertently had alienated the reader instead of aiding in the process of self-discovery had turned them in the opposite direction. The good that came out of this movement can not be denied, but could inclusive writing have been the key to so much more? Readers had been set on the path of togetherness and mutual belief in the distinct characteristics of Romanticism, but at the end of the path they found themselves far away from the group that could fuel the journey itself. It also resulted in the triumph of the class which invented, fostered, and adopted as its own the romantic movement: the bourgeoisie. In another way too, the Romantics were ambivalent toward the "real" social world around them. They were often politically and socially involved, but at the same time they began to distance themselves from the public. As noted earlier, high Romantic artists interpreted things through their own emotions, and these emotions included social and political consciousness--as one would expect in a period of revolution, one that reacted so strongly to oppression and injustice in the world. So artists sometimes took public stands, or wrote works with socially or politically oriented subject matter. Yet at the same time, another trend began to emerge, as they withdrew more and more from what they saw as the confining boundaries of bourgeois life. In their private lives, they often asserted their individuality and differences in ways that were to the middle class a subject of intense interest, but also sometimes of horror. ("Nothing succeeds like excess," wrote Oscar Wilde, who, as a partial inh eritor of Romantic tendencies, seemed to enjoy shocking the bourgeois, both in his literary and life styles.) Thus the gulf between "odd" artists and their sometimes shocked, often uncomprehending audience began to widen. Some artists may have experienced ambivalence about this situation--it was earlier pointed out how Emily Dickinson seemed to regret that her "letters" to the world would go unanswered. Yet a significant Romantic theme became the contrast between artist and middle-class "Philistine." Unfortunately, in many ways, this distance between artist and public remains with us today. No doubt the movement brought about an influx of writers and artists who identified with the prevalent theme of self-expression and emotion. As far as the masses were concerned however, the gap had come into existence and bridging it what was that again? BIBLIOGRAPHY From Revolution to Reconstruction and what happened afterwards. 15th May, 2007. Department of Humanities Computing. Romanticism. March 11, 1998. Brians, Paul. Romanticism. May 15, 2007. English Department, Brooklyn College.
Thursday, March 5, 2020
Free Essays on Nixon Library
Nixon Library Report The Nixon Library is more than just a library bearing the late presidentsââ¬â¢ name. To me the library seemed more like a museum which houses audio and visual displays surrounding Richard Nixonââ¬â¢s life. It is located in Yorba Linda and built in front of Richard Nixonââ¬â¢s birthplace. The library opened its doors in 1990 as a privately supported institution to educate the public about Richard Nixon. The day I visited the library Bill Jones announced his candidacy for governor of California. I watch a short 28 minute film title ââ¬Å"Never give upââ¬â¢: Richard Nixon in the Arena.â⬠I visited an exhibit titled ââ¬Å"Road to Presidency,â⬠which houses a 1832 engraving of the Declaration of Independence. It also had exhibits which showed how Richard Nixon worked his way up in the political Arena. Of all the exhibits I especially enjoyed the one about Nixons pursuit of Alger Hiss in the 1948 espionage case. I saw the presidential limousine. The same limousine in which president Nixon traveled in during his term in office. It is a black, bullet proof Lincoln continental with a V-8 engine priced around $500,000. Exhibit seven has a display of life size statues of 10 world leaders. Each statue weighs 80lbs. and are made according to the actual height of the leader. There is a picture of the capital from when Nixon took office and the room is filled with gifts and flags. There is a monitor in front of the exhibit which provides biographical summaries of each leader. A gallery featuring Richard Nixonââ¬â¢s achievements with foreign affairs is an interesting piece because I am now able to associate him with more than jus the Watergate scandal. There are also many gifts from Chinese and Russian leaders president Nixon dealt with during his term in office. This exhibit also encompasses an actual piece of the Berlin Wall. Aside from all the political accomplishments, president Nixon also contributed to Americas Space history. A whole ex... Free Essays on Nixon Library Free Essays on Nixon Library Nixon Library Report The Nixon Library is more than just a library bearing the late presidentsââ¬â¢ name. To me the library seemed more like a museum which houses audio and visual displays surrounding Richard Nixonââ¬â¢s life. It is located in Yorba Linda and built in front of Richard Nixonââ¬â¢s birthplace. The library opened its doors in 1990 as a privately supported institution to educate the public about Richard Nixon. The day I visited the library Bill Jones announced his candidacy for governor of California. I watch a short 28 minute film title ââ¬Å"Never give upââ¬â¢: Richard Nixon in the Arena.â⬠I visited an exhibit titled ââ¬Å"Road to Presidency,â⬠which houses a 1832 engraving of the Declaration of Independence. It also had exhibits which showed how Richard Nixon worked his way up in the political Arena. Of all the exhibits I especially enjoyed the one about Nixons pursuit of Alger Hiss in the 1948 espionage case. I saw the presidential limousine. The same limousine in which president Nixon traveled in during his term in office. It is a black, bullet proof Lincoln continental with a V-8 engine priced around $500,000. Exhibit seven has a display of life size statues of 10 world leaders. Each statue weighs 80lbs. and are made according to the actual height of the leader. There is a picture of the capital from when Nixon took office and the room is filled with gifts and flags. There is a monitor in front of the exhibit which provides biographical summaries of each leader. A gallery featuring Richard Nixonââ¬â¢s achievements with foreign affairs is an interesting piece because I am now able to associate him with more than jus the Watergate scandal. There are also many gifts from Chinese and Russian leaders president Nixon dealt with during his term in office. This exhibit also encompasses an actual piece of the Berlin Wall. Aside from all the political accomplishments, president Nixon also contributed to Americas Space history. A whole ex...
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